Action Plan for E-Adminstration of Abu Dhabi Police Research Paper

Activity Plan for E-Adminstration of Abu Dhabi Police - Research Paper Example The present status of undertakings proposes that the turn of events and execution are in its underlying stage and there is a ton to be accomplished as far as completely using the intensity of e-organization so as to turn out to be increasingly proficient in doing the normal errands. Different divisions in different nations have had the option to convey the e-organization on an all encompassing premise giving the most recent devices and procedures to deal with the outstanding burden successfully as well as to guarantee that the center target of the office is satisfied in progressively proficient way. It’s in view of this explanation that the most recent frameworks and techniques have been conveyed to take the fingerprints and just as keep a database of the crooks alongside their full points of interest including pictures and past record. This permits them to find the hoodlums in the more successful way other than guaranteeing that the remaining task at hand is overseen in the most proper way. Specialists, for example, Metropolitan Office UK have executed the PC legal and different frameworks to all the more likely deal with the remaining burden of the police so as to play out their center targets in increasingly powerful way. Police experts in the UK have likewise evolved various databases related with nature of a wrongdoing. The Police National Computer is probably the soonest activity toward this path to build up a lot of interconnected databases. (inbrief.co.uk). This, be that as it may, is as yet missing at UAE as the e-organization usage endeavors have generally been centered around the arrangement of assets for performing just regulatory related undertakings. The significant achievements to be accomplished later on will, in this manner, be engaged with bestowing the preparation to the Police Officers to completely use the framework and exploit how it can really assist them with overcoming the conventional shortcomings of the manual system.â â

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution On the off chance that you returned in time and took a gander at the primary, unremarkable ancient sharks of the Ordovician periodabout 420 million years agoyou may never figure that their relatives would turn out to be such predominant animals, standing their ground against awful marine reptiles like pliosaurs and mosasaurs and proceeding to turn into the zenith predators of the universes seas. Today, barely any animals on the planet rouse as much dread as the Great White Shark, the nearest nature has gone to an unadulterated killing machineif you reject Megalodon, which was multiple times greater. Before examining shark advancement, however, its critical to characterize what we mean by shark. In fact, sharks are a suborder of fish whose skeletons are made out of ligament as opposed to bone; sharks are additionally recognized by their smoothed out, hydrodynamic shapes, sharp teeth, and sandpaper-like skin. Frustratingly for scientistss, skeletons made of ligament dont continue in the fossil record about just as skeletons made of bonewhich is the reason such a significant number of ancient sharks are known basically (if not only) by their fossilized teeth. The First Sharks We dont have much in the method of direct proof, aside from a bunch of fossilized scales, however the main sharks are accepted to have advanced during the Ordovician time frame, around 420 million years back (to place this into point of view, the principal tetrapods didnt slither up out of the ocean until 400 million years prior). The most significant sort that has left huge fossil proof is the hard to-articulate Cladoselache, various examples of which have been found in the American midwest. As you would expect in such an early shark, Cladoselache was genuinely little, and it had some odd, non-shark-like characteristicssuch as a scarcity of scales (aside from little territories around its mouth and eyes) and a total absence of claspers, the sexual organ by which male sharks join themselves (and move sperm to) the females. After Cladoselache, the most significant ancient sharks of antiquated occasions were Stethacanthus, Orthacanthus, and Xenacanthus. Stethacanthus estimated just six feet from nose to tail yet previously flaunted the full arrayâ of shark highlights: scales, sharp teeth, a particular balance structure, and a smooth, hydrodynamic form. What set this class apart were the peculiar, pressing board-like structures on the backs of guys, which were presumably by one way or another utilized during mating. The similarly antiquated Stethacanthus and Orthacanthus were both new water sharks, recognized by their little size, eel-like bodies, and odd spikes jutting from the highest points of their heads (which may have conveyed punches of toxin to troublesome predators). The Sharks of the Mesozoic Era Taking into account how normal they were during the former geologic periods, sharks stayed under the radar during a large portion of the Mesozoic Era,â because of extraordinary rivalry from marineâ reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. By a wide margin the best family was Hybodus, which was worked for endurance: this ancient shark had two sorts of teeth, sharp ones for eating fish and level ones for granulating mollusks, just as a sharp edge extending out of its dorsal blade to keep different predators under control. The cartilaginous skeleton of Hybodus was abnormally extreme and calcified, clarifying this sharks determination both in the fossil record and on the planets seas, which it slinked from the Triassic to the early Cretaceous time frames. Ancient sharks truly made their mark during the center Cretaceous time frame, around 100 million years back. Both Cretoxyrhina (around 25 feet in length) and Squalicorax (around 15 feet in length) would be unmistakable as evident sharks by a cutting edge spectator; indeed, theres direct tooth-mark proof that Squalicorax went after dinosaurs that bumbled into its living space. Maybe the most astounding shark from the Cretaceous time frame is the as of late found Ptychodus, a 30-foot-long beast whose various, level teeth were adjusted to crushing small mollusks, as opposed to huge fish or amphibian reptiles. After the Mesozoic After the dinosaurs (and their sea-going cousins) went wiped out 65 million years back, ancient sharks were allowed to finish their moderate development into the callous killing machines we know today. Frustratingly, the fossil proof for the sharks of the Miocene age (for instance) comprises solely of teeththousands and a great many teeth, such a significant number of that you can get yourself one on the open market at a genuinely unobtrusive cost. The Great White-sized Otodus, for instance, is known solely by its teeth, from which scientistss have remade this fearsome, 30-foot-long shark. By a wide margin the most well known ancient shark of the Cenozoic Eraâ was Megalodon, grown-up examples of which estimated 70 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as 50 tons. Megalodon was a genuine summit predator of the universes seas, devouring everything from whales, dolphins, and seals to monster fish and (probably) similarly mammoth squids; for a couple million years, it might even have gone after the similarly ginormous whale Leviathan. Nobody knows why this beast went wiped out around 2,000,000 years back; the most probable competitors incorporate environmental change and the subsequent vanishing of its standard prey.

Case Study of a Drug Addict

CED 322: Case Study For the situation of the multi year-old female customer, I would start my appraisal of her by endeavoring to alleviate her present condition of uneasiness. My first objective is permit her to have a sense of security and agreeable when she enters my office. I need her to realize that my office is a place of refuge from anything that makes her backslide. Moreover, by praising her choice to look for treatment I can make early walks in creating trust and compatibility from the start.Once the customer and I invest some energy auditing her biography, I would request that her total the SASSI-3 to give me an even point of view of her general battle with cocaine and heroin misuse. Despite the fact that I’ve been given some foundation data on the client’s past history of misuse, I feel that the SASSI-3 can give me some knowledge to propensities and qualities she created from her family and way of life growing up. Since I have some data about her initial utili zation of liquor, I would likewise direct a MAST which could give me some knowledge on her reliance with alcohol.I would have the option to more readily see how liquor assumes a job in her utilization of heroin and cocaine. When I can decide how they relate I can then precisely analyze her and lead to a progressively fruitful treatment system. From the present data I would determine this customer to have Cocaine and Opioid-Induced Mood Disorder (292. 84). The customer reports that she backslides when she wants to feel â€Å"numb† which reveals to us her feelings and emotions are essential factors that impact her addictive behavior.Also, her fixation is serious to the point that she asserts that she utilizes on occasion for reasons unknown by any means. Since she is repentant and dreadful of her life, I feel that she is looking for the correct treatment to free herself of this perilous enslavement. She wants to change however needs the will to change. I would concentrate on he r regular everyday practice, killing the pieces of her day that include contemplations or thoughts that lead to utilizing heroin and cocaine. I would suggest that she utilize the 12 stage program and gathering treatment as better approaches to manage her towards recovery.Since she utilizing these substances in private, I feel she might profit by other people who know and feel indistinguishable battles from she does. This would permit her to not feel alone in her recuperation and carry a feeling of responsibility to keep from backslide. I would screen her advancement in the 12 stage program and urge her to calmly finish each progression. I’m putting together my treatment procedure with respect to trust. So as to kill her dread and tension alongside her fixation through these screens and strategies, she should be happy to confide in herself consistently.

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Essay Essays

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Essay Essays Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Essay Paper Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Essay Paper Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya conceived on fifteenth September 1860 in Muddenahalli. Chikkaballapura District. Karnataka. Sir M Visvesvaraya male parent is Srinivasa Sastry and mother Venkachamma. Sir M Visvesvaraya is a high Indian applied researcher and solon. Today fifteenth September we spectator Sir M Visvesvaraya birthday as Engineers Day in India. Sir M Visvesvaraya was a common applied researcher. Visvesvaraya Joined PWD segment of Bombay ( now its known as Maharashtra territory ) . Visvesvaraya was a driving force. he designed Block System the programmed entryways which he contrived to end uneconomical surge of H2O. Sir Visvesvaraya builted numerous dams in Maharashtra region. He was planned and licensed an arrangement of programmed weir H2O conduits which were principal introduced in 1903 at the Khadakvasla store. Pune. He functioned as a principle applied researcher during working of Krishna Raja Sagara Dam on the Kaveri River in Mandya. He turned into the President of All India Manufacturers Association. Sir Visvesvaraya was the shaper of present day Mysore. Sir M. Visvesvaraya lead an extremely basic life. He was a thorough veggie lover and a teetotaller. He was known for his honestness and solidarity. In 1912. Maharaja of Mysore delegated Visvesvaraya as his Dewan. Before tolerating the spot of Dewan of Mysore. he welcomed every one of his relations for supper. He let them know actually obviously that he would acknowledge the regarded office on the status that none of them would approach him for favor. As Dewan of Mysore. he worked inexhaustibly for instructive and mechanical improvement of the area. At the point when he was the Dewan numerous new enterprises came up. The Sandal Oil Factory. the Soap Factory. the Metals Factory. the Chrome Tanning Factory. were some of them. Of the numerous plants he began the a large portion of import is the Bhadravati Iron and Steel Works. He was other than knighted by the British for his endless parts to the open great. After deliberate retirement in 1908. sir Visvesvaraya was designated as a minister of the region of Mysore. Other than Sir Visvesvaraya planned an immersion assurance framework to shield Hyderabad city from the immersion. He is a recipient of the Indian republic’s most elevated respect. the Bharat Ratna. in 1955. Sir Visvesvaraya passed on fourteenth April 1962 Dear Engineer Colleague. each twelvemonth. 15 September is commended as the Engineer’s Day in India in the memory of one of the incredible kid of India on his introduction to the world twenty-four hours. He is held in high regard as the first and pre-prominent Engineer of India. He is Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya. who was a significant applied researcher. bookman. what's more, legislator. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was known as a pro in innovation. He was other than called the forerunner of monetary arranging in India. He took a contribution non in innovation totally. be that as it may, was equipped for utilizing his gift to many partnered undertakings associated with the advancement of the state. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was destined to Srinivasa Sastry and Venkachamma. at Muddenahalli. humble community. in Chikballapur District of Karnataka State. He earned his B. A. from the Madras University in 1881 and along these lines contemplated common innovation at the College of Science. Pune. presently known as the College of Engineering. Pune Upon graduating as an applied researcher. Visvesvaraya took up an occupation with the Public Works Department ( PWD ) of Bombay and was in this manner welcome to fall in the Indian Irrigation Commission. He executed an exceptionally complicated arrangement of water system in the Deccan nation. He other than planned and protected an arrangement of programmed weir H2O conduits which were premier introduced in 1903 at the Khadakvasla store close Pune. These Gatess were utilized to raise the immersion flexibly level of capacity in the store to the most noteworthy degree likely to be achieved by its immersion without doing any mischief to the dam. In light of the accomplishment of these Gatess. a similar framework was introduced at the Tigra barrier in Gwalior and the Krishnaraja Sagara ( KRS ) embankment in Mandya. Sir M. V. managed the structure of the KRS barrier over the Cauvery River from build to startup. This embankment made the greatest store in Asia at the clasp it was assembled. Sir MV was fairly called the â€Å"Father of current Mysore state† ( now Karnataka ) . During his time of administration with the Government of Mysore territory. he was answerable for the commencement of. under the protection of that specialists. the Mysore Soap Factory. the Parasitoide look into lab. the Bhadravati Iron A ; Steel Works. the Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Institute. the Bangalore Agricultural University. the State Bank of Mysore. The Century Club. Mysore Chambers of Commerce and army other modern endeavors. Along these lines. during November 1909. Visvesvaraya was named as Chief Engineer of Mysore State. Further. during the twelvemonth. 1912. he was delegated as Diwan or First Minister of the grand territory of Mysore. With the help of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. Maharaja of Mysore. Visvesvaraya made an ostensibly exceptional part as Diwan to the inside and out improvement of the area. Not only the Krishnaraja Sagara dam and repository. the steel plants at Bhadravathi. the Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Institute at Bangalore. the University of Mysore. Bank of Mysore Limited ( now State Bank of Mysore ) at Bangalore [ 1913 ] Karnataka Soaps A ; Detergents Limited ( KSDL ) †Govt Soap Factory [ 1916 ] and numerous different ventures and open plants owe their root or dynamic sustaining to him. He was instrumental in the commencement of the â€Å"Government Engineering College† at Bangalore in 1917. one of the first innovation foundations in Quite a while. This foundation was in this way named the â€Å"University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering. after its laminitis. After India achieved independency. Sir M. Visvesvaraya was given the nation’s most elevated respect. the Bharat Ratna. in 1955. Sir Visvesvaraya passed on fourteenth April 1962 â€Å"The swearword of our state is lethargy. From the outset sight each one is by all accounts working. In any case, truth be told. one grown-up male works and the others watch him. As individual said with scorn. ‘it looks as though five work powers are working. Be that as it may, really simply one-individual plants. One grown-up male will make nil. One grown-up male will rest. Another grown-up male will watch them. One more grown-up male will help these three. † †Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya â€Å"Remember. your work might be just to brush a railroad crossing. however, it is your obligation to keep up it so spotless that no other intersection known to mankind is each piece perfect as yours. † †Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya

Analysing The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Examining The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Envision for brief that you have disease with not a single fix to be seen. As the days pass by you continue deteriorating and more terrible. You become entirely awkward and unfit to work regularly. You live ordinarily in torment so excruciating that you can no longer get up. Life has gotten aimless. You simply need to take your life, however you cannot, on the grounds that in Indiana, doctor helped self destruction is unlawful. You wind up passing on an exceptionally excruciating demise, one that nobody ought to need to experience. Any individual who is critically ill ought to reserve the privilege to pass on the off chance that they decide to. Everybody ought to have the option to kick the bucket with poise and the good of an effortless demise. Individuals who are against doctor helped self destruction are no doubt uneducated about the subject. They consider it to be shameless and untrustworthy on the grounds that society causes it to appear that way. In any case, if individuals were progressively taught regarding the matter they would be astounded to discover that it is really a people individual decision. There are numerous things one must do before being considered for the deadly medicine. Doctor helped self destruction gives the fundamental way to an individual to take their life, yet the patient themselves need to really manage the drug to take their own life. A patient can not stroll into the specialists office and reveal to them they want to color today and have the specialist give them the deadly medicine. In Oregon there are rules that must be followed first. A patient must be 18 years of age, an occupant of Oregon, equipped for settling on medicinal services choices for him/herself, and be determined to have a ter minal sickness that will prompt passing inside six months(www.Oregon.gov). After those underlying rules have been endorsed, it is thoroughly up to the patient on the off chance that they need to take the drug after it is recommended. In March 1998, an Oregon lady biting the dust of bosom malignant growth requested that her doctor endorse a medication that would permit her to take her life-Later that month, she took it and turned into the primary individual in the U.S. to end it all with the assistance of a specialist legally(Robinson). Everybody ought to have that right. Doctor helped self destruction is a humane alternative for the individuals who endure and have arrived at a reasonable choice to take their lives peacefully(Woodward). We are permitted to decide to give our pets an altruistic demise when they are in their last phases of life, yet we as people are denied that exact same right. It appears as though we regard our pets all the more then human pride. Assume you have a canine whom has been a piece of your family for a long time. You love the pooch as though it is a piece of your family. One morning you wakeful to the canine whimpering and in unbearable torment. Quickly you get the canine, enclose it by a cover and fly out of the entryway. You most noticeably awful bad dream is unfurling before your eyes. You just need what is best for your dearest hound. You show up at the veterinarian office and take the pooch once more into the analyze room. There are numerous tests that must be done before the reason for the torment can be resolved. You sit in the sitting area for what appears perpetually when at last the veterinarian comes out with the news your were fearing to hear. Your canine has malignancy and it has spread all through its entire body. A surge of feelings race through your body and you can not contain the manner in which you feel about the determination. It is grievous. You just need what is best for the canine right? On the off chance that it will carry on with a real existence loaded with torment, why drag out its life when you realize it will be awkward? Presently, rather than a pooch, put an individual in the spot of the canine. Does it appear to be reasonable that we can end that hounds life and not a person? In no way, shape or form! The laws should be changed, so we as individuals have more rights to our own lives. Our administration is denying us rights that we ought to have. An ongoing report done on qualities and end of life care of 460 DWDA patients who kicked the bucket in the wake of ingesting a deadly portion of drug in Oregon during 1998-2009 shows exactly who, and why individuals decided to take their lives. As per the graph, guys are more probable then females to request the deadly prescription. The range is age between 75-84. Hitched individuals and whites are bound to take the deadly medicine. The hidden ailment is disease that carries most patients into the doctors office to request the deadly drug. The greater part of the individuals who took the prescription were being dealt with by hospice. The principle worry for the closure of the people life was losing life structures. Just forty out of 400 sixty individuals had complexities in the wake of taking the medicine, and those were minor. (www.Oregon.Gov) From that data, we can infer that the deadly infusion is moderately protected. The infusion is easy, and produces results very quickly after it is taken. The patient will pass on calmly and with the pride they merit. Similarly as with everything throughout everyday life, there are the two advantages and disadvantages to helped self destruction. The cons are significant and useful to the patient. Gigantic agony and enduring of patients can be saved(Messerli). Obviously, taking the deadly prescription will end all agony the patient is encountering. Patients can pass on with nobility rather then have the sickness diminish then to a shell of their previous selves(Messerli). Nobody needs to be recognized as that individual who was fundamentally a vegetable. Medicinal services expenses can be decreased, which would spare bequests and lower protection premiums(Messerli). Let's be honest, insurance agencies don't need individuals who are high hazard on their approach. Medical caretaker and specialist time can be feed up to take a shot at savable patients(Messerli). More patients who do get an opportunity at life can get the consideration they genuinely merit. Torment and anguish of the patients family ca n be diminished, and they can say their last goodbyes(Messerli). In the event that the patients family knows early that the patient is going to die, there is an ideal opportunity to state every one of those things they need to, while the patient is as yet ready to comprehend and react. Crucial organs can be spared, permitting specialists to spare the lives of others(Messerli). That is extremely compensating to the patient who is kicking the bucket, they realize they will in any case live on through another person and furthermore they are sparing another people life. Numerous individuals end it all in an untidy, and horrendous way since they don't have the choice for helped self destruction, which is another obvious point in why helped self destruction ought to be legitimate. There are additionally cons to doctor helped self destruction. It abuses the Hippocratic Oath(Messerli). Specialists shouldn't hurt a patient in any capacity, and giving them a deadly prescription to bite the dust, is insubordinately an approach to hurt a patient. Doctor helped self destruction could open the conduits to non-basic patient suicides and other abuse(Messerli). On the off chance that it were lawful, a few people would attempt to exploit it. Certain religions deny self destruction and the deliberate murdering of others However, isnt causing somebody to endure corrupt and treacherous? Specialists and patients might be incited too early to abandon recuperation far too soon(Messerli). Individuals can, and do recoup from genuine diseases, however the numbers are not great enough to make doctor helped self destruction illicit. Specialists are given an excess of intensity, and can once in a while be wrong(Messerli). There is anything but a one individual who has ever been corre ct as long as they can remember. Individuals commit errors day by day. Specialists have enough information to realize that a patient is going to pass on at some point or another, in light of the fact that they are off by a couple of months, doesnt make doctor helped self destruction a loathsome thing. In the article titled Confronting Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: My Fathers Death, Susan Wolf is confronted with her dad who is passing on, and at first she is against doctor helped self destruction, until she needs to observe her dad kick the bucket an excruciating demise directly before her eyes. At long last she composed. I would not have any desire to hold up under the weight of having quickened of causing his demise by willful extermination or helped self destruction; this is sufficiently hard. My dads demise made me reevaluate my issues with authorizing helped self destruction and willful extermination, however at long last it left me quiet with what Ive written(Wolf). This is an ideal case of why individuals ought to reserve the privilege to pass on, and the impacts it has on relatives. It must be astonishing to need to sit by and watch a relative kick the bucket, a moderate difficult demise. This can cause mental and enthusiastic weight on both patient and friends and family. A worry among numerous who are against doctor helped self destruction is that if it somehow managed to get lawful, a few people may feel they have an obligation to bite the dust so as to abstain from turning into a weight either to friends and family or to society(Woodward) This is legitimate thinking, however that thinking ought not be founded on that by itself. I would feel like it would be to a greater extent a weight to keep living in nonstop agony and enduring and putting myself a my family however months and in some cases long periods of torment at that point to be against it. For what reason would it be a weight to end an existence of somebody who is revealing to you they would prefer not to live? It would be increasingly bottomless to end that people life, and realize that was the best activity. You could keep living on realizing you made the best choice and gave your adored one what they needed. I did a meeting with Oliver Newton, a malignant growth understanding at present in hospice care who is passing on of leukemia. His primary concern was being a weight to his relatives. He didn't need his family to feel just as they had a commitment to think about him. I would prefer to die calmly then live in the agony I have been encountering since 2008(Newton). At the point when I got some information about doctor helped self destruction, his answer was I wish that was a choice in Indiana, in the event that it were, I would disobediently exploit it(Newton). This was only one meeting I did, and I could tell in this keeps an eye on eyes that he was finished living in the conditions which he is in. It is dismal to see somebody who feels as if their li

ARFID Is More Than Just Picky Eating

ARFID Is More Than Just Picky Eating More in Eating Disorders Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand ARFID and Picky Eating New Eating Disorder in DSM-5 Who Gets ARFID? Types   Assessment   Treatment   Are you or is someone you know a picky eater? Some extremely picky eaters may have an eating disorder, known as Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). In most cases, picky eating does not interfere with weight status, growth, or daily functioning. However, people who experience consequences such as these as a result of extremely picky eating may need treatment.?? Picky eaters are people who avoid many foods because they dislike their taste, smell, texture, or appearance. Picky eating is common in childhood, with anywhere between 13 percent  and 22 percent of children between three and eleven years of age considered picky eaters at any given time. While most young children outgrow their pickiness, between 18 percent and 40 percent continue to be picky into adolescence.?? Distinguishing ARFID From “Normal Picky Eating” In developing children, the range of types, textures, and amount of food eaten generally progresses until age six or seven. At around this age, many school-age children become more “picky” and start to favor carbohydrates, which fuel growth. Usually by puberty, both appetite and eating flexibility increase, accompanied by a return to a wider range of intake and greater balance within and across meals. Many parents report concern around their childs eating at a young age, but are told by others it is “normal” and not to worry about it. When to Be Concerned About Your Child Being a Picky Eater Parents of children with ARFID often notice challenges in their child’s range of intake as early as 1  year of age. These children may show a strong preference for a narrow range of foods and may refuse to eat anything outside this range.?? Parents often report that their children with ARFID had trouble transitioning to mixed foods from single baby foods. They also often report they had a specific sensitivity to textures such as “mushy” or “crunchy.” It can be hard for parents and health professionals to distinguish “normal pickiness” in a child from a diagnosis of ARFID. Eating behaviors and flexibility may exist on a continuum between those who are adventurous in trying new foods and those who prefer a routine diet. Most children are still able to meet their nutritional needs despite some pickiness. In chapter 12 of Family Therapy for Adolescent Eating and Weight Disorders: New Applications, Dr. Kathleen Kara  Fitzpatrick and her colleagues write, “While many children do express food preferences and many will have strong aversions to certain foods, ARFID is distinguished by the global and pervasive nature of food refusal.?? ARFID is described by some as “food neophobia,” where difficulty with novelty leads to a limited diet. A New Feeding and Eating Disorder in DSM-5 ARFID is a new diagnosis that was introduced with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013.?? Prior to this new category, individuals with ARFID would have been diagnosed as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)  or fall under the diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or childhood. As a result, ARFID is not as well-known as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Even so, it can have serious consequences. Monitoring Your Childs Weight and Growth Charts Individuals with ARFID do not eat enough to meet their energy and nutritional needs. However, unlike individuals with anorexia nervosa, people with ARFID do not worry about their weight or shape or becoming fat and do not restrict their diet for this reason. ARFID also does not typically emerge after a history of more normal eating as do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Individuals with ARFID usually have had restrictive eating all along. To meet the criteria for ARFID, the food restriction cannot be explained by lack of food, a culturally sanctioned practice (such as a religious reason for dietary restriction), or another medical problem that if treated would solve the eating problem. Furthermore, it must lead to one of the following:?? Significant weight loss (or failure to make expected weight gain in children)Significant nutritional deficiencyDependence on tube feeding or oral nutritional supplementsDifficulty engaging in daily life due to shame, anxiety or inconvenience Who Gets ARFID? We do not have good data about prevalence rates of ARFID. It is relatively more common in children and young adolescents, and less common in older adolescents and adults. Nonetheless, it does occur throughout the lifespan and affects all genders. Onset is most often during childhood. Most adults with ARFID seem to have had similar symptoms since childhood. If ARFID onset is in adolescence or adulthood, it most often involves a negative food-related experience such as choking or vomiting. One large study published in 2014 found that 14 percent  of all new eating disorder patients who presented to seven adolescent-medicine eating disorder programs met criteria for ARFID. According to this study, the population of children and adolescents with ARFID is often younger, has a longer duration of illness prior to diagnosis, and includes a greater number of males than the population of patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Patients with ARFID on average have a lower body weight and therefore are at a similar risk for medical complications as patients with anorexia nervosa.?? Patients with ARFID are more likely than patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa to have a medical condition or symptom. Fitzpatrick and colleagues note that ARFID patients are more frequently referred from gastroenterology than patients with other eating disorders are. They are also likely to have an anxiety disorder, but less likely than those with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa to have depression.?? Children presenting with ARFID often report a high number of worries, similar to those found in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. They also commonly express more concerns around physical symptoms related to eating, such as an upset stomach. Types   DSM-5 gives some examples of different types of avoidance or restriction that may be present in ARFID. These include restriction related to an apparent lack of interest in eating or food; sensory-based avoidance of food (e.g., the individual rejects certain foods based on smell, color, or texture); and avoidance related to feared consequences of eating such as choking or vomiting, often based on past negative experience.?? Fisher and colleagues suggested six different types of ARFID presentation with the following prevalence rates among their sample:?? Picky eating since childhood (28.7 percent)Having generalized anxiety disorder (21.4 percent)Having gastrointestinal symptoms (19.4 percent)Fears of eating due to fears of choking or vomiting (13.1 percent)Having food allergies (4.1 percent)Restrictive eating for “other reasons” (13.2 percent) Assessment   Because ARFID is a less well-known disorder, health professionals may not recognize it and patients may experience delays in getting diagnosed and treated. A diagnosis of ARFID requires a thorough assessment that should include a detailed history of feeding, development,  growth charts, family history, past attempted interventions, and complete psychiatric history and assessment. Other medical reasons for the nutritional deficits need to be ruled out. Dr. Rachel Bryant-Waugh has outlined a diagnostic checklist for ARFID to facilitate gathering the appropriate information:?? What is current food intake (range)?What is current food intake (amount)?How long has the avoidance of certain foods or the restriction in intake been occurring?What is current weight and height and has there been a drop in weight and growth percentiles?Are there signs and symptoms of nutritional deficiency or malnutrition?Is intake supplemented in any way to ensure adequate intake?Is there any distress or interference with day to day functioning related to the current eating pattern? Treatment   For patients and families, ARFID can be extremely challenging. Families often get anxious when children are having difficulty eating and may get stuck in power struggles over food. For older adolescents and adults, ARFID can impact relationships as eating with peers can become fraught. Left untreated, ARFID will rarely resolve itself. The goals of treatment are to increase the patient’s flexibility when presented with non-preferred foods and to help them to increase their variety and range of intake of foods to satisfy their nutritional needs. Many patients with ARFID tend to eat the same food repeatedly until they tire of it and then refuse to eat it again. Thus, patients are encouraged to rotate presentations of preferred foods as well as gradually introduce new foods. At present, there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for ARFID. Depending on the severity of the malnourishment, some patients with ARFID may need higher levels of care, such as residential treatment or medical hospitalization, sometimes with supplemental or tube feeding. A study published in 2017 found that many patients with ARFID responded well to care in a partially hospitalized program, similar to patients with other eating disorders.?? After the patient has been medically stabilized, treatment for ARFID often includes teaching anxiety management skills accompanied by the gradual introduction of new foods through “food chaining”: starting with foods that are very similar to foods that they already eat and progressing slowly towards more dissimilar foods.?? The average person typically requires several presentations before foods are no longer experienced as novel. For people with ARFID, it is often fifty times before a food is no longer experienced as unfamiliar. For example, one adult patient with ARFID ate no raw vegetables and no fruit. His goals were to increase his ability to eat fruit and vegetables. He did eat carrots when they were in soup. Thus, treatment began by his boiling carrots in chicken broth and cutting them into extremely small pieces and eating those. Next, he started to eat bigger pieces of carrots boiled in broth and eventually carrots just boiled in water. Then, he began to work on peels of fresh carrots. He also started to work on fruit. He began with strawberry jelly on toast, which was something he was comfortable eating. He next introduced strawberry jelly with seeds to get him used to some texture. After that, he introduced macerated fresh strawberries (mixed with sugar to soften them). Eventually, he began to eat very small pieces of fresh strawberries. After that, other fruits and vegetables were gradually added in a similar fashion. For children and adolescents with ARFID, evidence shows that family-based treatment can be helpful. If you (or someone you know) is showing signs of ARFID, it is advisable to seek help from a professional who is well-versed in eating disorders.

Is Salem Witch Trials A Joke - Free Essay Example

Many people would have thought the Salem witch trials was a joke I once believe that till I got into history class. The Salem witch trials didnt just started there they had began in new England saying that people had been bewitched dozens had been accused of practicing witchcraft while 3 were actually executed due to these accusations. Many journalist have came to the conclusion that this was all for simple jealousy, money, teenage drama or them just basically being bored they just ran with the idea which costed many people not only their lives but, money as well by children acting on the tales around them made as much as the role of the adults who were actually imprisoning people and executing them. Also, a lot of victims went without trial even though they may have been innocent they never got the chance. It had been said multiple times that an economically change had occur which happen to started a conflict because, no one knew what could possible happen it became a quiet war over money. The Salem witch trials were about practicing witchcraft which at the time religion played a major role in the community. It seems as a punsse scam towards widow woman with major pieces of land, because it caused a lack of resources it begined to become a problem for those who depended on this for an excess of income. The prime minister at the time became very greedy of money and land at the time so as good christians they wanted to please their minster by the minster being greedy he pushed his beliefs on them to believe those that it was the devils work even though, many thought it was a lie. The time was 1692 and 1693,at the time 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 peopl e were executed for doing supposedly practicing witchcraft which were primarily women . As we all know masschettes was heavily filled with many christians which believe that people who practice could harm them in a way. Furthermore, the accusations didnt just stop there in 1692 the revender daughter, and her friends acted in an usually,peculiar way yelling and shouting acting as if they had been possessed by a demon or dark magic. Which they were told by a local doctor, it was such a controversy if those children were just playing around because, it was such a fib towards these women. They had to actually go through a trail of integrating by the court while two said they were innocent the caribbean slave said she was called by a black man to sign a book and she had being seeing things the represent dark magic and that they were to destroy the existed of puritans,by her saying this the three women were imprisoned. This was just the beginning of the Salem Witch Trials after that first group of women being imprisoned a ton of supposedly witchcraft incidents came about ove r dozens of people had to come on trial due to so many accusations. The first woman to be executed was Bishop Bridget she claimed she was more incconcent thana unborn baby which nobody believe so she was hanged. At this point, many leaders began to disobey the rules of the minsterrs. One minster had told them to stop accepting visions as confessing because, as we all know those could have easily been mistaken for dream, but being those agronat and misguided christians they didnt listen by then many more women were imprisoned and hanging people left and right which had become very outrage because, it could have been very possible there were killing innocent which is a sin the too good christians. This salem witch trials were not just an economic come up because, as these women were imprisoned and executed they begin to gain control of their land to produce resources and take basic. Also, it was a social outcome as well many of these people were executed and prosecuted do to them supposedly practicing devil magic i felt as if each one of these women shouldnt have been penalized for children saying they were doing something when no one truly had hard core evidence on what was going on as we know many kids can play around but, it wasnt truly the kids it was the adults started to become very greedy not only of money but, land as well they felt the need to have absolute control over land and money. To continue, most didnt know that children were executed an accused for practicing witchcraft which was very sad to know that so many innocent were slaughter and imprisoned by this one allegation that wasnt actually true it had become so despicable that people would actually kill all those innocent souls doing too being too greedy of land and money at the time which had become very ridiculous. They had killed a child accused of being a witch who was only about 4 or 5 dur ing this time any do good christian wouldnt manslaughter a child but, then you had the widowrs and others who would rather be dead then to be imprisoned by the man so, some believe they lied to just be killed then to go behind bars. This topic was a choose of mine due to my fascination with witches,vampires, werewolves and vampire diaries and American horror story the Salem witch trial exist ion were the group of witches came from different area around the world once they had discovered there powers.some of the short term and long term goals, one of the short term were that it change the way trails went and a long term was that it left an effect on the community were they had killed so many people without a reason. The people who were impacted by this were the victims their families, the people on the jury because they could have possible falsely accused so many 20 or more lives that could have been fully lived if it wasnt for teens and there boredom. To sum up, the salem witch trial up it was a executed and imprisoned people for their own greedious because, it is told that they were practicing the devils magic but, how could they be good christians if they were executing people.